The Undergraduate Research Journal
Effects of Prenatal Alcohol Exposure on Prenatal and Neonatal Development
Abstract
Prenatal Alcohol Exposure (PAE) contributes to a series of impacts on prenatal and neonatal developmental defects on a continuum ranging from no effect till perinatal death. Different effects of PAE lie on a wide scale of motor and intellectual disabilities which constitute the Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD); this includes Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS), Partial FAS (PFAS), Alcohol-Related Neurodevelopmental Disorders (ARND), and Alcohol-Related Birth Defects (ARBD). Research has investigated effects of different levels of PAE on cognitive, physical and behavioral aspects of development, taking possible risk factors into account such as maternal age, timing and level of exposure. The purpose of this paper is to assess short-term and long-term effects of PAE through reviewing previous studies with focus on FAS as one of the most common disorders under the FASD category. It may also encourage further research on effective interventions for individuals with PAE and related disorders through the examination of related psychosocial issues.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Aase, J. M. (1994). Clinical recognition of FAS: difficulties of detection and diagnosis. Alcohol Health and Research World, 18(1), 5–10. http://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/ahrw18-1/05-09.pdf
Abel, E. L. (1990). Fetal alcohol syndrome. New Jersey: Medical Economics Company, Inc.
Alati, I., et. al. (2006). In utero alcohol exposure and prediction of alcohol disorders in early adulthood: a birth cohort study. Archives of General Psychiatry, 63, 1009–1016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.63.9.1009
Autti- Rämö, I., Korkman, K., Hilakivi-Clarke, L., Lehtonen, M., Halmesmäki, E., & Granström, M-L. (1992). Mental development of 2-year-old children exposed to alcohol in utero. Journal of Pediatrics, 120, 740–746. http://www.jpeds.com/article/S0022-3476(05)80237-9/pdf
Burd, L., Cotsonas-Hassler, T.M., Martsolf,, J.T., & Kerbeshian, J. (2003). Recognition and management of fetal alcohol syndrome. Neurotoxicology and Teratology, 25, 681– 688. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ntt.2003.07.020
Carmichael Olson, H., Feldman, J. J., Streissguth, A. P. et al. (1998). Neuropsychological deficits in adolescents with fetal alcohol syndrome: Clinical findings. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 22(9): 1998–2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-0277.1998.tb05909.x
Carmichael-Olson, H., Feldman, J. J., Streissguth, A. P., & Gonzalez, R. D. (1992). Neuropsychological deficits and life adjustment in adolescents and adults with fetal alcohol syndrome. Alcohol: Clinincal and Experimental Research, 16, 380.
Carter,R., Jacobson, S., Molteno, C., Chiodo, L., Viljoen, D., & Jacobson, J. (2005). Effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on infant visual acuity. The Journal of Pediatrics, 147(4), 473–479. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2005.04.063
Chiodo, L. M., Janisse, J., Delaney-Black, V., Sokol, R. J., & Hannigan, J. H. (2009). A metric of maternal prenatal risk drinking predicts neurobehavioral outcomes in preschool children. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 33, 634–644. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-0277.2008.00878.x
Coles, C.D., Brown, R. T., Smith, I. E. et al (1991) Effects of prenatal alcohol exposure at school age: Attention and behavior. Neurotoxicology and Teratology, 13, 369–376. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0892-0362(91)90085-B
Coles, C. D., Platzman, K. A., Raskind-Hood, C. L., et al. (1997). A comparison of children affected by prenatal alcohol exposure and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 20, 150–161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-0277.1997.tb03743.x
Crocker, N., Vaurio, L., Riley, E. P., & Mattson, S. N. (2009). Comparison of adaptive behavior in children with heavy prenatal alcohol exposure or attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 33, 2015–2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-0277.2009.01040.x
Day, N., Helsel, A., Sonon, K., & Goldschmidt, L. (2013). The association between prenatal alcohol exposure and behavior at 22 years of age. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 37(7), 1171–1178. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/acer.12073
Deng, J., & Elberger, A. J. (2001). The role of pioneer neurons in the development of mouse visual cortex and corpus callosum. Anatomy and Embryology, 204, 437–453. http://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/00429/bibs/1204006/12040437.htm
Fryer, S. L., McGee, C. L., Matt, G. E., Riley, E. P., & Mattson, S. N. (2007) Evaluation of psychopathological conditions in children with heavy prenatal alcohol exposure. Pediatrics, 119, 733–741. http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/119/3/e733
Glavas, M. M., Ellis, L., Yu, W. K., & Weinberg, J. (2007). Effects of prenatal ethanol exposure on basal limbic–hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal regulation: role of corticosterone. Alcohol: Clinical and Experimental Research, 31, 1598–1610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-0277.2007.00460.x
Gilbert, W. M. (2006). Amniotic fluid dynamics. NeoReviews, 7(6), 292–295. http://neoreviews.aappublications.org/content/7/6/e292
Hannigan, J. H., Armant, D. R. (2000). Alcohol in pregnancy and neonatal outcome. Seminars in Neonatology, 5(3), 243–254. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/siny.2000.0027
Harris, S., Osborn, J. A., Weinberg, J., Loock, C., & Junaid, K. (1993). Effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on neuromotor and cognitive development during early childhood: A series of case reports. Physical Therapy, 73, 608–617. http://ptjournal.apta.org/content/73/9/608.long
Humphriss, R., Hall, A. & Macleod, J. (2010). Prenatal alcohol exposure and childhood balance: a systematic review. Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 24(2), 156–165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3016.2009.01084.x
Institute of Medicine (IOM). (1996). Fetal alcohol syndrome: Diagnosis, epidemiology, prevention, and treatment. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. http://www.nap.edu/read/4991/chapter/1
Jacobson, S. W., Carr, L. G., Croxford, J., Sokol, R. J., Li, T. K., & Jacobson, J. L. (2006). Protective effects of the alcohol dehydrogenase-ADH1B*3 allele in children exposed to alcohol during pregnancy. Journal of Pediatrics, 148, 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ntt.2013.11.003
Kalberg, W. K., Provost, B., Tollison, S. J., Tabachnick, B. G., Robinson, L. K., Hoyme, H. E., Trujillo, P. M., Buckley, D., Aragon, A. S., & May, P. A. (2006). Comparison of motor delays in young children with fetal alcohol syndrome to those with prenatal alcohol exposure and with no prenatal alcohol exposure. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 30(12), 2037 – 2045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-0277.2006.00250.x
Kelly, S. J., Day, N., & Streissguth, A. P. (2000). Effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on social behavior in humans and other species. Neurotoxicology and Teratology, 22, 143-149. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2699590/
Kodituwakku, P. W., Handmaker, N. S., Cutler, S. K., et al. (1995). Specific impairments in self–regulation in children exposed to alcohol prenatally. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research,19, 1558–1564. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-0277.1995.tb01024.x
Lebel, C., Roussotte, F., & Sowell, E. R. (2011). Imaging the impact of prenatal alcohol exposure on the structure of the developing human brain. Neuropsychological Review, 120, 102–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11065-011-9163-0
Maier, S. E., Miller, J. A., Blackwell, J. M., & West, J. R. (1999). Fetal alcohol exposure and temporal vulnerability: regional differences in cell loss as a function of the timing of binge-like alcohol exposure during brain development. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 23(4), 726–734. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-0277.1999.tb04176.x
Marcus, J. C. (1987). Neurological findings in the fetal alcohol syndrome. Neuropediatrics, 18, 158–160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2008-1052471
Margret, C., Li, C., Chappell, T., Elberger, A., Matta, S. & Waters, R. (2006). Prenatal alcohol exposure delays the development of the cortical barrel field in neonatal rats. Experimental Brain Research, 172(1), 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00221-005-0319-0
Mattson, S. N., Calarco, K. E., & Lang, A. R. (2006). Focused and shifting attention in children with heavy prenatal alcohol exposure. Neuropsycho-logy, 20, 361–369. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037%2F0894-4105.20.3.361
Mattson, S. N., Goodman, A. M., Caine, C., et al. (1999). Executive functioning in children with heavy prenatal alcohol exposure. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 23(11), 1808–1815. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-0277.1999.tb04077.x
Mattson, S. N., Riley, E. P., Delis, D.C., Stern, C., & Jones, K. L. (1996). Verbal learning and memory in children with fetal alcohol syndrome. Alcohol: Clinical and Experimental Research, 20, 810–816. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-0277.1996.tb05256.x
Miller, M. W. (1995). Generation of neurons in the rat dentate gyrus and hippocampus: effects of prenatal and postnatal treatment with ethanol. Alcohol: Clinical and Experimental Research, 19, 1500–1509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-0277.1995.tb01014.x
Moore, K. L., & Persaud, T. V. N. (1993). The developing human: Clinically oriented embryology. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders.
Murray, L., Halligan, S. L., Adams, G., et al. (2006). Socioemotional development in adolescents at risk for depression: the role of maternal depression and attachment style. Developmental Psychopathology, 18, 489–516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579406060263
National Institutes of Health. (2010). Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow: NIH Research Timelines. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
O'Learey, C. (2002). Fetal alcohol syndrome: A literature review. National Expert Advisory Committee Occasional Paper, Australia. http://www.flourishpaediatrics.com.au/docs/fnational-drug-straegy-fetal-alcohol-syndrome-a-literature-review-etalcsyn.pdf
Paley, B., & O’Connor, M. J. (2011). Behavioral interventions for children and adolescents with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Alcohol Research & Health, 34(1), 64–75. http://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/arh341/64-75.htm
Pikkarainen, P. H. (1971). Metabolism of ethanol and acetaldehyde in perfused human fetal liver. Life Sciences, 10(23), 1359–1364. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0024-3205(71)90187-1
Riley, E. P., Barron, S., & Hannigan, J. H. (1986). Response inhibition deficits following prenatal alcohol exposure: a comparison to the effects of hippocampal lesions in rats. In: West JR, editor. Alcohol and brain development, 71–102. New York: Oxford Press.
Sampson, P. D., Bookstein, F. L., Barr, H. M., & Streissguth, A. P. (1994). Prenatal alcohol exposure, birthweight, and measures of child size from birth to age 14 years. American Journal of Public Health, 84, 1421–1428. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1615145/
Smith, I. E., Coles, C. D., Lancaster, J., Fernhoff, P. M., & Falek, A. (1986). The effect of volume and duration of prenatal ethanol exposure on neonatal physical and behavioral development. Neuro-behavioral Toxicology and Teratology, 8,375–381.
Streissguth, A. P., Barr, H. M., & Martin, D. C. (1983). Maternal alcohol use and neonatal habituation assessed with the Brazelton scale. Child Development, 54, 1109–1118. http://doi.org/10.2307/1129667
Streissguth, A. P., Barr, H. M., & Sampson, P. D. (1990). Moderate prenatal alcohol exposure effects on child IQ and learning problems at age 7 1/2 years. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 14, 662–669. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-0277.1990.tb01224.x
Streissguth, A. P., Bookstein, F. L., Barr, H. M., Sampson, P. D., O’Malley, K., & Young, J.K. (2004). Risk factors for adverse life outcomes for fetal alcohol syndrome and fetal alcohol effects. Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics, 25(4), 228–238. http://journals.lww.com/jrnldbp/pages/articleviewer.aspx?year=2004&issue=08000&article=00002&type=abstract
Uecker, A., & Nadel, L. (1996). Spatial locations gone awry: object and spatial memory deficits in children with fetal alcohol syndrome. Neuropsychologia, 34, 209–223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0028-3932(95)00096-8
Vaurio, L., Riley, E. P., & Mattson, S. N. (2008). Differences in executive functioning in children with heavy prenatal alcohol exposure or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 14, 119–129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017%2FS1355617708080144
Welch-Carre, E. (2005). The neurodevelopmental consequences of prenatal alcohol exposure. Advances in Neonatal Care, 5, 217–229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.adnc.2005.04.007
Yates, W. R., Cadoret, R. J., Troughton, E. P. et al. (1998). Effect of fetal alcohol exposure on adult symptoms of nicotine, alcohol and drug dependence. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 22, 914–920. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-0277.1998.tb03889.x
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.